Компоненты национальной идентичности как предикторы антииммигрантских установок в Европе: анализ на основе данных ISSP
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Парвадов С.О.(2024) Компоненты национальной идентичности как предикторы антииммигрантских установок в Европе: анализ на основе данных ISSP. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 27(4): 149–178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2024.27.4.6. EDN: KVSHOX
Аннотация
Рассматривается вопрос, как компоненты национальной идентичности связаны с антииммигрантскими установками в европейских странах на индивидуальном уровне. Исследовательская литература по антииммигрантским установкам была разделена на материальные и символические объяснения восприятия групповых угроз. В формировании воспринимаемых материальных угроз рассматривалась роль субъективного социально-экономического положения, профессиональной квалификации и образования, защищенности на рынке труда. В рамках теории символической угрозы представлена национальная идентичность, которая концептуально проанализирована через гражданско-этническую дихотомию и по сравнительному критерию национальной гордости. Исходя из теоретических оснований были выдвинуты гипотезы, протестированные на трех волнах опросных данных из 20 европейских стран (общий объем выборки N=30746) Международной программы социальных исследований (ISSP 1995-2003-2013). Для подготовки предикторов был осуществлен многогрупповой конфирматорный факторный анализ, в результате которого выделены четыре компонента национальной идентичности. Зависимая переменная «антииммигрантские установки» была сконструирована аналогичным образом. Основным методом анализа выступило многогрупповое моделирование структурными уравнениями. Во всех трех волнах политический патриотизм, экономическая защищенность и уровень образования респондента оказались отрицательно связаны с антииммигрантскими установками. Этнический и слепой национализм продемонстрировал положительную связь с целевым признаком. Культурный патриотизм показал положительную связь с зависимой переменной для 1995 и 2003 гг. и статистическую незначимость для 2013 г. Установлена метрическая инвариантность, что свидетельствует о межгрупповой валидности результатов во времени. Компоненты национальной идентичности продемонстрировали больший объяснительный потенциал в сравнении с социоэкономическими характеристиками респондентов, что свидетельствует в поддержку теории символической угрозы.
Ключевые слова:
миграция, антииммигрантские установки, национальная идентичность, теория символической угрозы, теория материальной угрозы, моделирование структурными уравнениями, Международная программа социальных исследований
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Статья
Поступила: 15.06.2024
Опубликована: 25.12.2024
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
ACM
[1]
Парвадов, С.О. 2024. Компоненты национальной идентичности как предикторы антииммигрантских установок в Европе: анализ на основе данных ISSP. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 27, 4 (дек. 2024), 149–178. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2024.27.4.6.
Раздел
Социология миграции
