Родительская оценка эффективности социальной интервенции в проблемную семью с детьми
Научная статья
Выражение признательности
Исследование выполнено при поддержке РНФ (грант № 2228-20490 «Семья на краю: пределы и возможности социально-технологической интервенции в профилактике социального сиротства»).
Для цитирования
Абрамов Р.Н., Рождественская Е.Ю., Сабля А.А.(2025) Родительская оценка эффективности социальной интервенции в проблемную семью с детьми. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 28(2): 182-210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2025.28.2.7. EDN: EVWVKA
Аннотация
Статья посвящена анализу реализации одной из процедур оценивания социальной интервенции — обратной связи объектов социальной интервенции (взрослых членов семей) как элементу доказательной социальной политики. В ходе комплексного оценивания эффективности технологии работы междисциплинарной команды специалистов со случаем нарушения прав и законных интересов ребенка были проведены интервью с членами семей, включенных в программу реализации технологии. Полученные результаты позволяют говорить о прогрессе и ресоциализации семей, осознании проблем и включении членов семьи в процесс работы над социальной нормализацией. При этом получен срез с менее оптимистической картиной оценки интервенции в сравнении с мнением экспертов. Члены семей признавали, что прогресс есть, рассматривали его как надежду на лучшее будущее, нежели уверенность в том, что имеющиеся проблемы будут преодолены. Исследование также фиксирует определенный прогресс в семьях. Решаются задачи уменьшения случаев жестокого обращения с ребенком с помощью технологии, что в немалой степени связано с продвинутой квалификацией специалистов, овладевших технологией и сменивших угол зрения на работу со случаями. Понимающий, партнерский, эмпатический подход кураторов к членам семьи вместе с составляющими технологии настраивают клиентов на оптимистические ожидания, мотивируют их изменить свое отношение к жизни, разрывая замкнутый круг зависимостей, бедности, семейного насилия. Однако исследование выявило и пределы применения технологии, связанные с низкой исходной ресурсностью семей, наличием отягчающих проблем в виде алкогольной и наркотической зависимостей и др. Кроме того, в ходе работы с кураторами и другими специалистами семейных центров члены семьи обретают новую квазипрофессионализацию, овладевая языком психологии и социальной работы в ходе общения со специалистами. Также у членов семьи возникает ситуация зависимости и иждивенчества, ожидания бесконечной заботы и помощи. Статья является вкладом в методологическую перспективу доказательной социальной политики.
Ключевые слова:
родительство, социальная политика, оценивание, социальная работа, семья
Литература
Сорокин П.С., Фрумин И.Д. (2020) Проблема «структура/действие» в XXI в.: изменения в социальной реальности и выводы для исследовательской повестки. Социологические исследования, 7: 27–36.
Sorokin P.S., Froumin I.D. (2020) «Structure/agency» problem in the 21st century: changing social reality and research implications. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 7: 27–36 (in Russian).
Тугаров А.Б., Очкина А.В., Шевцова Э.А. (2016) Травматические практики внутрисемейного воспитания детей: синтез педагогики и социальной философии. Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион. Гуманитарные науки. Педагогика, 1(37): 124–134.
Tugarov А. B., Ochkina A. V., Shevtsova E. A. (2016) Traumatic intra-family child-raising practices: pedagogy and social philosophy synthesis. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Gumanitarnyye nauki. Pedagogika [University proceedings. Volga region. Humanities. Pedagogy, 1(37): 124–134] (in Russian).
Чернова Ж.В., Шпаковская Л.Л. (2016) Профессионализация родительства: между экспертным и обыденным знанием. Журнал исследований социальной политики, 14(4): 521–534.
Chernova Zh., Shpakovskaya L. (2016) Professionalization of Parenthood: between expert and everyday knowledge. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki [The Journal of Social Policy Studies], 14(4): 521–534 (in Russian).
Чернова Ж.В., Шпаковская Л.Л. (2023) Путевка в жизнь: Социологические эссе об образовании, классовом неравенстве и социальном исключении в России. СПб.: Изд-во Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге.
Chernova Zh., Shpakovskaya L. (2023) A start in life: sociological essays on education, class inequality and social exclusion in Russia. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the European University in St. Petersburg (in Russian).
Штомпка П. (2001) Понятие социальной структуры: попытка обобщения. Социологические исследования, 9: 3–13.
Shtompka P. (2001) The concept of social structure: an attempt at generalization. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 9: 3–13 (in Russian).
Ярская-Смирнова Е.Р., Рождественская Е.Ю., Абрамов Р.Н., Борзов С.П., Александрова М.Ю. (2023) Социальная технология оказания социальной помощи семьям с детьми: опыт внедрения и оценка эффективности. Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены, 5: 3–25.
Yarskaya-Smirnova E.R., Rozhdestvenskaya E.Y., Abramov R.N., Borzov S.Р., Aleksandrova M.Y. (2023) Social Technology for Providing Social Assistance to Families with Children: Implementation Experience and Evaluation of Effectiveness. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, 5: 3–25 (in Russian).
Altman J.C. (2008) A study of engagement in neighborhood-based child welfare services. Research on Social Work Practice, 18: 555–564.
Arbeiter E., Toros K. (2017a) Parental engagement in child protection assessment: A qualitative analysis of worker and parent perspectives. International Social Work, 60 (6): 1469–1481.
Arbeiter E., Toros K. (2017b) Participatory discourse: Engagement in the context of child protection assessment practices from the perspectives of child protection workers, parents and children. Children and youth services review, 74: 17–27.
Bekaert S., Paavilainen E., Schecke H., Baldacchino A., Jouet E., Żytka L., Bachi B., Bartoli F., Carrà G., Cioni R.M., Crocamo C., Appleton J.V. (2021) Family members’ perspectives of child protection services, a metasynthesis of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 128: 1–13.
Bekaert S., Richardson B. (2022) A window on the system: a critical analysis of the construction of teenage parents in Serious Case Reviews. In Richardson B. (ed.) Mothering on the edge: A critical examination of mothering within child protection systems. Toronto, CA: Demter Press.
Booth T., Booth W. (2005) Parents with learning difficulties in the child protection system: Experiences and perspectives. Journal of intellectual disabilities, 9(2): 109–129.
Braun V., Clarke V. (2006) Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2): 77‒101.
Buckley H., Carr N., Whelan S. (2011) «Like walking on eggshells»: Service user views and expectations of the child protection system. Child and Family Social Work, 16(1): 101–110.
Coakley M. (2013) An appraisal of fathers' perspectives on fatherhood and barriers to their child welfare involvement. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(5): 627–639.
Cudjoe E., Abdullah A. (2019) Parental participation in child protection practice: The experiences of parents and workers in Ghana. Qualitative Social Work, 18(4): 693–709.
D’Cruz H., Gillingham P. (2014) Improving child protection services: Australian parents’ and grandparents’ perspectives on what needs to change. Practice, 26(4): 239–257.
Dale P. (2004) «Like a fish in a bowl»: Parents' perceptions of child protection services Child Abuse Review. Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 13(2): 137–157.
Darlington Y.et al. (2010) Challenges in implementing participatory practice in child protection: A contingency approach. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(7): 1020–1027.
Dumbrill G.C. (2006) Parental experience of child protection intervention: A qualitative study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(1): 27–37.
Emirbayer M., Mische A. (1998) What is Agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103(4): 962–1023.
Estefan F., Coulter M.L., VandeWeerd C.L., Armstrong M., Gorski P. (2012) Receiving mandated therapeutic services: Experiences of parents involved in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12): 2353–2360.
Featherstone B., Robb M., Ruxton S., Ward M. (2017) «They are just good people...generally good people»: perspectives of young men on relationships with social care workers in the UK. Children and Society, 31(5): 331–341.
Fereday J., Muir-Cochrane E. (2006) Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1): 1‒11.
Gaskell С. (2010) If the social worker had called at least it would show they cared. Young care leaver’s perspectives on the importance of care. Children & Society, 24(2): 136–147.
Gentles-Gibbs N., Zema J. (2020) It’s not about them without them: Kinship grandparents’ perspectives on family empowerment in public child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review,108: 1–9.
Ghaffar W., Manby M., Race T. (2012) Exploring the experiences of parents and carers whose children have been subject to child protection plans. British Journal of Social Work, 42(5): 887–905.
Gladstone J., Dumbrill G., Leslie B., Koster A., Young M., Ismaila A. (2014) Understanding worker–parent engagement in child protection casework. Children and Youth Services Review, 44: 56–64.
Gupta A., Blumhardt H. (2016) Giving poverty a voice: Families' experiences of social work practice in a risk-averse child protection system. Families, Relationships and Societies, 5(1): 163–172.
Haight W., Sugrue E., Calhoun M., Black J (2017) “Basically, I look at it like combat”: Reflections on moral injury by parents involved with child protection services. Children and Youth Services Review, 82: 477–489.
Jobe A., Gorin S. (2013) «If kids don't feel safe they don't do anything»: Young people's views on seeking and receiving help from Children's Social Care Services in England. Child & Family Social Work, 18(4): 429–438.
Johnson S.P, Sullivan C.M. (2008) How child protection workers support or further victimize battered mothers. Affilia, 23(3): 242–258.
Kemp S.P., Marcenko M.O., Hoagwood K., Vesneski W. (2009) Engaging Parents in Child Welfare Services: Bridging Family Needs and Child Welfare Mandates. Mental Health Practice Guidelines for Child Welfare: Context for Reform, 88(1): 101–126.
Lindahl R., Bruhn A. (2017) Foster children's experiences and expectations concerning the child-welfare officer role—Prerequisites and obstacles for close and trustful relationships. Child & Family Social Work, 22(4): 1415–1422.
McLeod (2010) «A friend and an equal»: Do young people in care seek the impossible from their social workers? British Journal of Social Work, 40(3): 772–788.
McWey L.M., Bolen M., Lehan T., Bojczyk K.E. (2008) I thought I was the adult in this house: Boundary ambiguity for parents involved in the foster care system. Journal of Social Service Research, 35(1): 77–91.
Morris K. (2012) Thinking family? The complexities for family engagement in care and protection. British journal of social work, 42(5): 906–920.
O'Connor L., Forrester D., Holland S., Williams A. (2014) Perspectives on children's experiences in families with parental substance misuse and child protection interventions. Children and Youth Services Review, 38: 66–74.
Parton N. (2014) The politics of child protection: Contemporary developments and future directions. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Philip G., Clifton J., Brandon M. (2019) The trouble with fathers: The impact of time and gendered-thinking on working relationships between fathers and social workers in child protection practice in England. Journal of Family Issues, 40(16): 2288–2309.
Roose R., Mottart A., Dejonckheere N., van Nijnatten C., de Bie M. (2009) Participatory social work and report writing. Child and Family Social Work, 14: 322–330.
Scott A.L., Quick D., Aitken B., Parkinson A. (2018) What does “recovery” from mental illness and addiction mean? Perspectives from child protection social workers and from parents living with mental distress. Children and Youth Services Review, 87:95–102.
Smithson R., Gibson M. (2017) Less than human: A qualitative study into the experience of parents involved in the child protection system. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2): 565–574.
Storhaug A.S., Øien K. (2012) Fathers' encounters with the child welfare service. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1): 296–303.
Tew J. (2002) Social theory, power and practice. Springer.
Tew J. (2006) Understanding power and powerlessness: Towards a framework for emancipatory practice in social work. Journal of Social Work, 6(1): 33–51.
Whitfield K., Harwood L. (1999) Good enough partnership 1 Parents' experience of child protection investigations. Practice, 11(2): 49–58.
Woolfson R.C., Heffernan E., Paul M., Brown M. (2010) Young people's views of the child protection system in Scotland British. Journal of Social Work, 40(7): 2069–2085.
Sorokin P.S., Froumin I.D. (2020) «Structure/agency» problem in the 21st century: changing social reality and research implications. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 7: 27–36 (in Russian).
Тугаров А.Б., Очкина А.В., Шевцова Э.А. (2016) Травматические практики внутрисемейного воспитания детей: синтез педагогики и социальной философии. Известия высших учебных заведений. Поволжский регион. Гуманитарные науки. Педагогика, 1(37): 124–134.
Tugarov А. B., Ochkina A. V., Shevtsova E. A. (2016) Traumatic intra-family child-raising practices: pedagogy and social philosophy synthesis. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Gumanitarnyye nauki. Pedagogika [University proceedings. Volga region. Humanities. Pedagogy, 1(37): 124–134] (in Russian).
Чернова Ж.В., Шпаковская Л.Л. (2016) Профессионализация родительства: между экспертным и обыденным знанием. Журнал исследований социальной политики, 14(4): 521–534.
Chernova Zh., Shpakovskaya L. (2016) Professionalization of Parenthood: between expert and everyday knowledge. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki [The Journal of Social Policy Studies], 14(4): 521–534 (in Russian).
Чернова Ж.В., Шпаковская Л.Л. (2023) Путевка в жизнь: Социологические эссе об образовании, классовом неравенстве и социальном исключении в России. СПб.: Изд-во Европейского университета в Санкт-Петербурге.
Chernova Zh., Shpakovskaya L. (2023) A start in life: sociological essays on education, class inequality and social exclusion in Russia. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the European University in St. Petersburg (in Russian).
Штомпка П. (2001) Понятие социальной структуры: попытка обобщения. Социологические исследования, 9: 3–13.
Shtompka P. (2001) The concept of social structure: an attempt at generalization. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 9: 3–13 (in Russian).
Ярская-Смирнова Е.Р., Рождественская Е.Ю., Абрамов Р.Н., Борзов С.П., Александрова М.Ю. (2023) Социальная технология оказания социальной помощи семьям с детьми: опыт внедрения и оценка эффективности. Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены, 5: 3–25.
Yarskaya-Smirnova E.R., Rozhdestvenskaya E.Y., Abramov R.N., Borzov S.Р., Aleksandrova M.Y. (2023) Social Technology for Providing Social Assistance to Families with Children: Implementation Experience and Evaluation of Effectiveness. Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes, 5: 3–25 (in Russian).
Altman J.C. (2008) A study of engagement in neighborhood-based child welfare services. Research on Social Work Practice, 18: 555–564.
Arbeiter E., Toros K. (2017a) Parental engagement in child protection assessment: A qualitative analysis of worker and parent perspectives. International Social Work, 60 (6): 1469–1481.
Arbeiter E., Toros K. (2017b) Participatory discourse: Engagement in the context of child protection assessment practices from the perspectives of child protection workers, parents and children. Children and youth services review, 74: 17–27.
Bekaert S., Paavilainen E., Schecke H., Baldacchino A., Jouet E., Żytka L., Bachi B., Bartoli F., Carrà G., Cioni R.M., Crocamo C., Appleton J.V. (2021) Family members’ perspectives of child protection services, a metasynthesis of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 128: 1–13.
Bekaert S., Richardson B. (2022) A window on the system: a critical analysis of the construction of teenage parents in Serious Case Reviews. In Richardson B. (ed.) Mothering on the edge: A critical examination of mothering within child protection systems. Toronto, CA: Demter Press.
Booth T., Booth W. (2005) Parents with learning difficulties in the child protection system: Experiences and perspectives. Journal of intellectual disabilities, 9(2): 109–129.
Braun V., Clarke V. (2006) Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2): 77‒101.
Buckley H., Carr N., Whelan S. (2011) «Like walking on eggshells»: Service user views and expectations of the child protection system. Child and Family Social Work, 16(1): 101–110.
Coakley M. (2013) An appraisal of fathers' perspectives on fatherhood and barriers to their child welfare involvement. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(5): 627–639.
Cudjoe E., Abdullah A. (2019) Parental participation in child protection practice: The experiences of parents and workers in Ghana. Qualitative Social Work, 18(4): 693–709.
D’Cruz H., Gillingham P. (2014) Improving child protection services: Australian parents’ and grandparents’ perspectives on what needs to change. Practice, 26(4): 239–257.
Dale P. (2004) «Like a fish in a bowl»: Parents' perceptions of child protection services Child Abuse Review. Journal of the British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect, 13(2): 137–157.
Darlington Y.et al. (2010) Challenges in implementing participatory practice in child protection: A contingency approach. Children and Youth Services Review, 32(7): 1020–1027.
Dumbrill G.C. (2006) Parental experience of child protection intervention: A qualitative study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(1): 27–37.
Emirbayer M., Mische A. (1998) What is Agency? American Journal of Sociology, 103(4): 962–1023.
Estefan F., Coulter M.L., VandeWeerd C.L., Armstrong M., Gorski P. (2012) Receiving mandated therapeutic services: Experiences of parents involved in the child welfare system. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(12): 2353–2360.
Featherstone B., Robb M., Ruxton S., Ward M. (2017) «They are just good people...generally good people»: perspectives of young men on relationships with social care workers in the UK. Children and Society, 31(5): 331–341.
Fereday J., Muir-Cochrane E. (2006) Demonstrating Rigor Using Thematic Analysis: A Hybrid Approach of Inductive and Deductive Coding and Theme Development. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 5(1): 1‒11.
Gaskell С. (2010) If the social worker had called at least it would show they cared. Young care leaver’s perspectives on the importance of care. Children & Society, 24(2): 136–147.
Gentles-Gibbs N., Zema J. (2020) It’s not about them without them: Kinship grandparents’ perspectives on family empowerment in public child welfare. Children and Youth Services Review,108: 1–9.
Ghaffar W., Manby M., Race T. (2012) Exploring the experiences of parents and carers whose children have been subject to child protection plans. British Journal of Social Work, 42(5): 887–905.
Gladstone J., Dumbrill G., Leslie B., Koster A., Young M., Ismaila A. (2014) Understanding worker–parent engagement in child protection casework. Children and Youth Services Review, 44: 56–64.
Gupta A., Blumhardt H. (2016) Giving poverty a voice: Families' experiences of social work practice in a risk-averse child protection system. Families, Relationships and Societies, 5(1): 163–172.
Haight W., Sugrue E., Calhoun M., Black J (2017) “Basically, I look at it like combat”: Reflections on moral injury by parents involved with child protection services. Children and Youth Services Review, 82: 477–489.
Jobe A., Gorin S. (2013) «If kids don't feel safe they don't do anything»: Young people's views on seeking and receiving help from Children's Social Care Services in England. Child & Family Social Work, 18(4): 429–438.
Johnson S.P, Sullivan C.M. (2008) How child protection workers support or further victimize battered mothers. Affilia, 23(3): 242–258.
Kemp S.P., Marcenko M.O., Hoagwood K., Vesneski W. (2009) Engaging Parents in Child Welfare Services: Bridging Family Needs and Child Welfare Mandates. Mental Health Practice Guidelines for Child Welfare: Context for Reform, 88(1): 101–126.
Lindahl R., Bruhn A. (2017) Foster children's experiences and expectations concerning the child-welfare officer role—Prerequisites and obstacles for close and trustful relationships. Child & Family Social Work, 22(4): 1415–1422.
McLeod (2010) «A friend and an equal»: Do young people in care seek the impossible from their social workers? British Journal of Social Work, 40(3): 772–788.
McWey L.M., Bolen M., Lehan T., Bojczyk K.E. (2008) I thought I was the adult in this house: Boundary ambiguity for parents involved in the foster care system. Journal of Social Service Research, 35(1): 77–91.
Morris K. (2012) Thinking family? The complexities for family engagement in care and protection. British journal of social work, 42(5): 906–920.
O'Connor L., Forrester D., Holland S., Williams A. (2014) Perspectives on children's experiences in families with parental substance misuse and child protection interventions. Children and Youth Services Review, 38: 66–74.
Parton N. (2014) The politics of child protection: Contemporary developments and future directions. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Philip G., Clifton J., Brandon M. (2019) The trouble with fathers: The impact of time and gendered-thinking on working relationships between fathers and social workers in child protection practice in England. Journal of Family Issues, 40(16): 2288–2309.
Roose R., Mottart A., Dejonckheere N., van Nijnatten C., de Bie M. (2009) Participatory social work and report writing. Child and Family Social Work, 14: 322–330.
Scott A.L., Quick D., Aitken B., Parkinson A. (2018) What does “recovery” from mental illness and addiction mean? Perspectives from child protection social workers and from parents living with mental distress. Children and Youth Services Review, 87:95–102.
Smithson R., Gibson M. (2017) Less than human: A qualitative study into the experience of parents involved in the child protection system. Child & Family Social Work, 22(2): 565–574.
Storhaug A.S., Øien K. (2012) Fathers' encounters with the child welfare service. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(1): 296–303.
Tew J. (2002) Social theory, power and practice. Springer.
Tew J. (2006) Understanding power and powerlessness: Towards a framework for emancipatory practice in social work. Journal of Social Work, 6(1): 33–51.
Whitfield K., Harwood L. (1999) Good enough partnership 1 Parents' experience of child protection investigations. Practice, 11(2): 49–58.
Woolfson R.C., Heffernan E., Paul M., Brown M. (2010) Young people's views of the child protection system in Scotland British. Journal of Social Work, 40(7): 2069–2085.
Статья
Поступила: 24.11.2024
Опубликована: 27.06.2025
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
ACM
[1]
Абрамов, Р.Н., Рождественская, Е.Ю. и Сабля, А.А. 2025. Родительская оценка эффективности социальной интервенции в проблемную семью с детьми. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 28, 2 (июн. 2025), 182-210. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2025.28.2.7.
Раздел
Социальная политика
