Практики заботы о ментальном здоровье в самосохранительных стратегиях россиян
Научная статья
Выражение признательности
Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-18-00480 «Самосохранительные стратегии россиян в условиях новой нормальности», https://rscf.ru/project/23-18-00480/.
Для цитирования
Лебедева-Несевря Н.А., Леухина А.В., Сирковская Т.В.(2025) Практики заботы о ментальном здоровье в самосохранительных стратегиях россиян. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 28(2): 119-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2025.28.2.5. EDN: EROSMY
Аннотация
Негативная динамика показателей психического здоровья населения в последнее десятилетие сформировала в научном сообществе дискурс о «тихой пандемии», требующей консолидации государственных, общественных, групповых и индивидуальных усилий по профилактике ментальных нарушений. Самозабота, ориентированная на предупреждение, распознавание и совладание с негативной симптоматикой, видится в качестве базового условия успешного противодействия стрессу, тревожности и депрессии. В настоящем исследовании, реализованном в парадигме mixed methods research, предпринята попытка описания повседневных практик, реализуемых россиянами в сфере заботы о ментальном здоровье. На основе анализа 39 полуструктурированных интервью, проведенных осенью 2023 г. с жителями российских мегаполисов, выделено пять групп практик заботы, типичных при воздействии а) неблагоприятных событий личной жизни; б) стрессогенных процессов повседневной жизни, формирующих перманентное напряжение; в) ситуации высокой эпидемиологической / политической / экономической напряженности во внешней среде: 1) социальные практики; 2) психологические (обращение за профессиональной помощью, психологическая самопомощь); 3) духовные / медитативные практики; 4) физические (спорт, прогулки); 5) рекреационные; 6) прием лекарственных препаратов / народных средств; 7) работа (как способ «переключиться»); 8) деструктивные практики (употребление алкоголя, курение, заедание). С помощью контент-анализа дискурса о здоровье в социальных сетях за период с 1 января 2018 г. по 31 августа 2023 г. (n=144 906 сообщений) осуществлена оценка распространенности и динамики выделенных групп практик. Забота о ментальном здоровье заключается преимущественно в различных формах двигательной активности, а также в «деструктивных» практиках (потреблении алкоголя, заедании стресса). В «постпандемийный» период практики заботы индивидуализируются и медикализируются, но не профессионализируются, а дискурс о них становится более рефлексивным. В целом профилактика психических нарушений не входит в ядро самосохранительных стратегий россиян, что актуализирует вопрос о необходимости совершенствования системы информирования населения о факторах риска здоровью и привлечении эффективных инструментов мотивации заботы о нем.
Ключевые слова:
психическое (ментальное) здоровье, стресс, тревожность, депрессия, самосохранение, забота, повседневные практики
Литература
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Smirnov V.A. (2024) Social well-being of Russian youth in the conditions of the special military operation. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofiya. Sotsiologiya. Politologiya [Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science], 77: 241–250 (in Russian).
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Bellido-Zanin G., Pérez-San-Gregorio M.Á., Martín-Rodríguez A., Vázquez-Morejón A.J. (2015) Social functioning as a predictor of the use of mental health resources in patients with severe mental disorder. Psychiatry research, 230(2): 189–193.
Chodavadia P., Teo I., Poremski D., Fung D.S.S., Finkelstein E.A. (2023) Prevalence and economic burden of depression and anxiety symptoms among Singaporean adults: results from a 2022 web panel. BMC psychiatry, 23(1): 104.
Ellis C., Strauss A., Corbin J. (1992) Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Contemporary Sociology, 21(1): 138.
Evaborhene N.A., Udokanma E.E., Adebisi Y.A., Okorie C.E., Kafuko Z., Conde H.M., ... Mburu S. (2023) The pandemic treaty, the pandemic fund, and the global commons: our scepticism. BMJ Global Health, 8(2): e011431.
Ferwana I., Varshney L.R. (2024) The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on mental health patient populations in the United States. Scientific Reports, 14(1): 5689.
Fuhrer R., Keyes K.M. (2019) Population mental health in the 21st century: time to act. American Journal of Public Health, 109(S3): S152-S153.
Galderisi S., Heinz A., Kastrup M., Beezhold J., Sartorius N. (2015) Toward a new definition of mental health. World psychiatry, 14(2): 231.
Gautam S., Jain A., Chaudhary J., Gautam M., Gaur M., Grover S. (2024) Concept of mental health and mental well-being, it's determinants and coping strategies. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 2): S231-S244.
Griffiths D., Pradipta V.M.K.D., Collie A. (2024) Mental health self-care during the COVID–19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study in Australia. BMC Public Health, 24(1): 145. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17632-1.
Gupta A., Puyat J.H., Ranote H., Vila-Rodriguez F., Kazanjian A. (2021) A cross-sectional survey of activities to support mental wellness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 5: 100167.
Hancock T. (2018) Mental health promotion must be a priority. CMAJ, 190(16): E522-E522.
Heinz A., Liu S. (2022) Challenges and chances for mental health care in the 21st century. World Psychiatry, 21(3): 423–424.
Huber M., Knottnerus J.A., Green L., Van Der Horst H., Jadad A.R., Kromhout D., ... Smid H. (2011) How should we define health?. Bmj, 343: d4163.
Koenig J. (2023) Another day to die: stories from the silent pandemic. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(5): 733–734.
Leaune E., Vieux M., Marchal M., Combes C., Crandall S., Haesebaert J., Poulet E. (2022) Self-reported mental health symptoms, quality of life and coping strategies in French health sciences students during the early stage of the COVID–19 pandemic: An online survey. L'encephale, 48(6): 607–614.
Leijdesdorff, S. M., Bakker, J. M., Lange, I., Michielse, S., Goossens, L., Klaassen, R., ... van Amelsvoort T. (2022) Home alone: Social functioning as a transdiagnostic marker of mental health in youth, exploring retrospective and daily life measurements. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 115: 152309.
Mahindru A., Patil P., Agrawal V. (2023) Role of physical activity on mental health and well-being: A review. Cureus, 15(1): e33475.
Malinakova K., Kopcakova J., Kolarcik P., Geckova A.M., Solcova I.P., Husek V., ... Tavel P. (2017) The Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Psychometric evaluation of the shortened version in Czech adolescents. Journal of religion and health, 56: 697–705.
Manwell L.A., Barbic S.P., Roberts K., Durisko Z., Lee C., Ware E., McKenzie K. (2015) What is mental health? Evidence towards a new definition from a mixed methods multidisciplinary international survey. BMJ open, 5(6): e007079.
Mehjabeen D., Blignault I., Taha P. H., Reavley N., Slewa-Younan S. (2023) A mixed methods systematic review of mental health self-care strategies for Arabic-speaking refugees and migrants. BMC Public Health, 23(1): 2544.
Patel V., Saxena S., Lund C., Kohrt B., Kieling C., Sunkel C., ... Herrman H. (2023) Transforming mental health systems globally: principles and policy recommendations. The Lancet, 402(10402): 656–666.
Polujanski S., Nett U., Rotthoff T., Oezsoy M., Schindler A.K. (2024) Uncovering heterogeneity in mental health changes among first-year medical students. Medical Education Online, 29(1): 2317493.
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Статья
Поступила: 20.03.2025
Опубликована: 27.06.2025
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
ACM
[1]
Лебедева-Несевря, Н.А., Леухина, А.В. и Сирковская, Т.В. 2025. Практики заботы о ментальном здоровье в самосохранительных стратегиях россиян. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 28, 2 (июн. 2025), 119-153. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2025.28.2.5.
Раздел
Социология здоровья
