НКО в современной России: анализ участия в политических протестах

  • Всеволод Бедерсон Пермский государственный университет, Пермь, Россия vsbederson@gmail.com
  • Вячеслав Логинов Пермский государственный университет, Пермь, Россия VyacheslavLoginov@gmail.com
Для цитирования
Бедерсон В., Логинов В. НКО в современной России: анализ участия в политических протестах. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 23(4): 163-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2020.23.4.6

Аннотация

 Our analysis focuses on the question why professional NGOs in contemporary Russia, in addition to conventional non-political forms of interaction with the authorities, practice political protests. The article is based on data on protests in the Russian regions in 2013 and in 2015. We examine political and organizational factors that facilitate and hinder participation of NGOs in protests with political demands. We use logistic binomial regression method to analyze how the participation of NGOs in protests is related to political requirements and the membership of NGOs in advisory bodies, in the All-Russian Popular Front, participation in elections, the age / experience of NGOs, and the field of activity of NGOs. The results of our analysis are contradictory. On the one hand, none of the predictors has statistical visibility at the least conventional level. On the other hand, the direction of the association of the variables corresponds to the theoretical expectation and hypotheses. Membership in advisory bodies, in ARPF and participation in elections is negatively related to the participation of NGOs in protests with political demands. An older age, contrary to expectations, has a positive relationship. The field of activity of NGOs in all selected categories does not show statistical visibility.

Литература

Armstrong D., Reuter O.J., Robertson G.B. (2019) Getting the opposition together: protest coordination in authoritarian regimes. Post-Soviet Affairs, 36(1): 1–19.

Bizyukov P.V. (2011) Dinamika trudovykh protestov v Rossii (2008–2011) [Dynamics of labor protests in Russia (2008–2011)]. Vestnik obshchestvennogo mneniya: Dannye. Analiz. Diskussii [Bulletin of public opinion: Data. Analysis. Discussions], 108(2): 29–37 (in Russian).

Boix C., Svolik M.W. (2013) The foundations of limited authoritarian government: Institutions, commitment, and power-sharing in dictatorships. The Journal of Politics, 75(2): 300–316.

Borisova N.V., Minaeva E.Y. (2016) Konsul’tativno-soveshchatel’nye organy po mezhnatsional’nym otnosheniyam: predstavitel’stvo etnicheskikh grupp na regional’nom urovne v Rossii [Consultative and Advisory Bodies for Interethnic Relations: Ethnic Groups Representation at the Subfederal Level in Russia]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Seriya: Politologiya [Bulletin of the Perm University. Series: Political Science], 4: 168–179 (in Russian).

Boulding C.E. (2010) NGOs and political participation in weak democracies: Subnational evidence on protest and voter turnout from Bolivia. The Journal of Politics, 72(2): 456–468.

Cohen J.L., Arato A. (1994) Civil society and political theory. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Doyle J.L. (2017) State control of civil society organizations: the case of Turkey. Democratization, 24(2): 244–264.

Dupuy K. E., Ron J., Prakash A. (2015) Who survived? Ethiopia's regulatory crackdown on foreign-funded NGOs. Review of International Political Economy, 22(2): 419–456.

Filippova L.E. (2018) “Politizaciya” vs “depolitizaciya”: poisk al'ternativnyh strategicheskih proektov i vozmozhnosti strukturirovaniya politicheskogo polya [«Politicization» vs «depoliticization»: the search for alternative strategic projects and the possibility of structuring the political field]. Politicheskaya nauka [Political Science], 2: 95–115 (in Russian).

Gandhi J., Przeworski A. (2006) Cooperation, cooptation, and rebellion under dictatorships. Economics & politics, 18(1): 1–26.

Giersdorf S., Croissant A. (2011) Civil society and competitive authoritarianism in Malaysia. Journal of Civil Society, 7(1): 1–21.

Gilbert L. (2016) Crowding Out Civil Society: State Management of Social Organisations in Putin’s Russia. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(9): 1553–1578.

Guriev S., Treisman D. (2019) Informational autocrats. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 33(4): 100–127.

Gupta D. (2009) The power of incremental outcomes: How small victories and defeats affect social movement organizations. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 14(4): 417–432.

Hannan M.T., Freeman J. (1989) Organizational ecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Heurlin C. (2010) Governing civil society: The political logic of NGO-state relations under dictatorship. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 21(2): 220–239.

Hsu C. (2009) Chinese NGOs and the state: institutional interdependence rather than civil society. San Francisco: American Sociological Association.

Hsu C.L. (2015) China Youth Development Foundation: GONGO (government-organized NGO) or GENGO (government-exploiting NGO)? In: Hasmath R., Hsu C. L. (eds.) NGO governance and management in China. London: Routledge: 165–181.

Huang R., Sun X. (2019) Dual mediation and success of environmental protests in China: a qualitative comparative analysis of 10 cases. Social Movement Studies, 19(4):1–18.

Jakobson L.I. (2014) Shkola demokratii: formirovanie grazhdanskikh dobrodeteley [The school of democracy: the formation of civic virtues] Obshchestvennye nauki i sovremennost' [Social Sciences and modernity], 1: 93–106 (in Russian).

Kawakibi S. (2013) The Paradox of Government-Organized Civil Activism in Syria. In: Aarts P., Cavatorta F. (eds.) Civil Society in Syria and Iran: Activism in Authoritarian Contexts. Boulder: Lynne Rienner: 169–178.

Keane J. (1988) Democracy and civil society: on the predicaments of European socialism, the prospects for democracy, and the problem of controlling social and political power. London; New York: Verso.

Kim W., Gandhi J. (2010) Coopting workers under dictatorship. The Journal of Politics, 72(3): 646–658.

Kirdina S.G., Popova I.P. (2014) Prospects of sociological and institutional analysis of professional associations in Russia. In: Mansurov V. (eds.) Facing an Unequal World: Challenges for Russian Sociology. Moscow: Russian Society of sociologists: 35–47.

Krasnopolskaya I., Mersijanova I. (2014) Grazhdanskoe obshchestvo kak sreda proizvodstva i rasprostraneniya sotsial'nykh innovatsiy [Civil society as an environment for the production and dissemination of social innovations]. Forsayt, 8(4): 40–52 (In Russian).

Kulmala M., Tarasenko A. (2016) Interest representation and social policy making: Russian veterans’ organisations as brokers between the state and society. Europe-Asia Studies, 68(1): 138–163.

Lagerkvist J. (2015) The Unknown Terrain of Social Protests in China: ‘Exit', ‘Voice', ‘Loyalty', and ‘Shadow’. Journal of Civil Society, 11(2): 137–153.

LeVan A.C. (2011) Questioning Tocqueville in Africa: continuity and change in civil society during Nigeria's democratization. Democratization, 18(1): 135–159.

Lewis D. (2013) Civil society and the authoritarian state: Cooperation, contestation and discourse. Journal of Civil Society, 9(3): 325–340.

Lorch J., Bunk B. (2016) Gender politics, authoritarian regime resilience, and the role of civil society in Algeria and Mozambique. GIGA-German Institute of Global and Area Studies, Working Paper, 292: 1–41.

Magaloni B. (2006) Voting for autocracy: Hegemonic party survival and its demise in Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Magaloni B., Wallace J. (2008) Citizen loyalty, mass protest and authoritarian survival. In Conference on Dictatorships: Their Governance and Social Consequences. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Mersiyanova I., Jakobson L. (2007) Social Activity of Population and Citizens’ Perception of Conditions for Civil Society Development. Moscow: HSE Publishers.

Moser A. (2003) Acts of resistance: the performance of women's grassroots protest in Peru. Social Movement Studies, 2(2): 177–190.

Najam A. (2000) The four C's of government third Sector?Government relations. Nonprofit management and leadership, 10(4): 375–396.

Putnam R.D., Leonardi R., Nanetti R.Y. (1994) Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton university press.

Reuter O.J., Robertson G.B. (2014) Legislatures, cooptation, and social protest in contemporary authoritarian regimes. The journal of politics, 77(1): 235–248.

Richter J., Hatch W.F. (2013) Organizing civil society in Russia and China: A comparative approach. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 26(4): 323–347.

Robertson G.B., Teitelbaum E. (2011) Foreign direct investment, regime type, and labor protest in developing countries. American Journal of Political Science, 55(3): 665–677.

Rochlitz M. (2015) At the Crossroads: Putin's Third Presidential Term and Russia's Institutions. Political Studies Review, 13(1): 59–68.

Semenov A., Bederson V. (2017) Organizatsionnye reaktsii rossiyskikh NKO na zakonodatel'nye izmeneniya 2012 g. [Organizational Reactions of Russian NGOs to 2012 Legislative Changes]. Ekonomicheskaya Sotsiologiya [Journal of Economic Sociology], 18(2): 35–40 (in Russian).

Semenov A. (2018) Sobytiynyy analiz protestov kak instrument izucheniya politicheskoy mobilizatsii [Event analysis of protests as a tool for studying political mobilization]. Sotsiologicheskoe obozrenie [Sociological review], 17(2): 317–341 (In Russian).

Sheng Y. (2009) Authoritarian co-optation, the territorial dimension: provincial political representation in post-Mao China. Studies in Comparative International Development, 44(1): 71–93.

Skokova Y., Pape U., Krasnopolskaya I. (2018) The non-profit sector in today’s Russia: Between confrontation and co-optation. Europe-Asia Studies, 70(4): 531–563.

Spires A.J. (2011) Contingent symbiosis and civil society in an authoritarian state: Understanding the survival of China’s grassroots NGOs. American journal of sociology, 117(1): 1–45.

Spirina M. (2015) Organizational Specifics of the Volunteer Movement: Comparing the Experience of Russia and France. Journal of Economic Sociology, 16(2): 24–54.

Tarasenko A., Kulmala M. (2015) Veteranskie organizatsii kak zainteresovannye gruppy: vozmozhnosti i ogranicheniya klientelizma dlya zashchity sotsial'nykh prav v regionakh Rossii [Veterans ' organizations as interest groups: opportunities and limitations of clientelism to protect social rights in Russian regions] [http://eu.spb.ru/images/M_center/Tarasenko_Kulmala_working_paper_2015.pdf ] (accessed: 12.01.2020) (in Russian).

Tarasenko A. (2015) Nekommercheskiy sektor v stranakh Evropeyskogo Soyuza i Rossii v kontekste transformatsii gosudarstva blagosostoyaniya [Non-profit sector in the European Union and Russia in the context of the transformation of the welfare state]. St. Petersburg: Norm (in Russian).

Tarasenko A.V. (2018) Regional'nye osobennosti reformy sirotskikh uchrezhdeniy v Rossii [Regional features of the reform of orphanages in Russia]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The journal of sociology and social anthropology], 21(3): 115–139 (in Russian).

Teets J.C. (2014) Civil society under authoritarianism: The China model. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Wang T. S. (2017) The legal development of Taiwan in the 20th century: toward a liberal and democratic country. In: Albert H.Y. Chen, Ginsburg T. (eds.) Public Law in East Asia. London: Routledge: 125–153.

Wischermann, J., Bunk B., K?llner P., Lorch J. (2016) Do Associations Support Authoritarian Rule? Tentative Answers from Algeria, Mozambique, and Vietnam. GIGA-German Institute of Global and Area Studies Working Paper, 295: 1–30.

Wu F. (2013) Environmental activism in provincial China. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 15(1): 89–108.

Zald M.N., McCarthy J.D. (1979) The dynamics of social movements: Resource mobilization, social control, and tactics. Boston: Little Brown & Co.

Zavadskaya M. (2012) Duma Incumbents and "Party of Power": Cross-Temporal Analysis. Politeia-Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics, 66(3): 121–131.

Zhuravlev O., Savelyeva N., Erpyleva S. (2014) Individualizm i solidarnost' v novyh rossijskih grazhdanskih dvizheniyah [Individualism and Solidarity in the New Russian Civil Movements]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsialnoj politiki [Journal of Social Policy Research], 12(2): 185–200 (in Russian).

Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:

ACM
[1]
Бедерсон, В. и Логинов, В. . НКО в современной России: анализ участия в политических протестах. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии. 23, 4 (), 163-182. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2020.23.4.6.