Ресурсы жизнестойкости у семей и детей, получающих государственную социальную помощь

doi:10.31119/jssa.2019.22.3.4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2019.22.3.4

В. Avdeeva Авдеева The Sociological Institute of RAS — branch of Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia vladlena.avdeeva@gmail.com
А. Ruppel Руппел Anastasiya.Ruppel@gmail.com

Для цитирования

Авдеева В.A., Руппел А.R.(2019) Ресурсы жизнестойкости у семей и детей, получающих государственную социальную помощь. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 22(3): 80-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2019.22.3.4

Аннотация

Most social studies of children in the social welfare system focus on the problem situation and risk factors faced by a family and a child. The aim of this study is to analyze the interpretations of the resources of families with children who receive services in governmental centers for social assistance for families and children in St. Petersburg. The analysis was carried out from the parents' (or other legal representatives of children) and social workers' perspectives. The research sample includes 36 cases; each case is a story of a child receiving state social services. The case is formed on the basis of focused interviews with the parents and specialists. Within the qualitative data analysis, we identified interpretations of resilience resources of family and child according to the parents’ and specialists’ perspectives and compared these interpretations. Speaking about the family resources, specialists, in the overwhelming majority of cases, mean mothers’ motivation, her personal and behavioral traits, and the ability to provide children with everything they need. Men — fathers, stepfathers, and grandfathers completely fall out of the picture of family resources. Little attention was paid to the quality of parent-child relationships and relationships between the adult family members, as well as to the child’s resources. Parents told about resources of support from the relatives, family members, friends, and acquaintances, as well as their own personal traits. The comparison of these two interpretations showed that social workers underestimate the family’s and child’s resources. This underestimation could be explained by the features of the needs assessment system which does not include analytical methods for collecting information about the family, as well as gender and generational inequality, according to which a mother is responsible for the family well-being, and the child is seen as a part of the family but not an independent subject of assistance and active agent in the process of taking the family out of a difficult life situation. Acknowledgements The research is executed within the "Social Trajectories of the Childhood in Modern Russia" project supported by a grant of the Russian scientific fund No. 16-18-10372.

Ключевые слова:

resources, resilience, risk and protective factors, social work, children, parent

Литература

Alberth L., B?hler-Niederberger D. (2015) Invisible children? Professional bricolage in child protection. Children and Youth Services Review, 57: 149–158.

Bayborodova L. (2017) Sotsial'no-pedagogicheskoye soprovozhdeniye problemnykh semey. [Socio-pedagogical support of problem families]. Moscow: VLADOS (in Russian).

Clausen J.S. (1991) Adolescent competence and the shaping of the life course. American journal of sociology, 96(4): 805–842.

Friborg O. (2014) Resilience and adaptation. Ben-Aryeh A. et al. (eds.) Handbook of child well-being: Theories, methods and policies in global perspective. New York: Springer: 563–566.

Gurovich I.Y., Storozhakova Y.A. (2010) K voprosu o znachenii ponyatiya zhiznestoykosti v psikhiatrii. [On the question of the meaning of the concept of resilience in psychiatry]. Sotsial'naya i klinicheskaya psikhiatriya. [Social and Clinical Psychiatry], 20(3): 81–85 (in Russian).

Henry C.S., Sheffield Morris A., Harrist A.W. (2015) Family resilience: Moving into the third wave. Family Relations, 64(1): 22–43.

L?sel F., Bliesener T., K?ferl P. (1989). On the concept of invulnerability: Evaluation and first results of the Bielefeld project. In: Brambring M., L?sel F., Skowronek H. (eds.) Children at risk: Assessment, longitudinal research, and intervention. New York: Walter de Gruyter: 186–219.

Lyubimova A.I., Odinokova V.A., Eritsyan K.Y., Avdeeva V.P., Zakharova Y.P., Rusakova M.M. (2018) Longityudnoye issledovaniye na sluzhbe obshchestva: metodika izucheniya keysov semey v sisteme sotsial'nogo obsluzhivaniya naseleniya. [Longitudinal study at the service of society: a method of studying families in the system of social services]. In: Kuleshova A.V. (ed.) Materialy VIII mezhdunarodnaya sotsiologicheskaya Grushinskoy konferentsii «Sotsiolog 2.0: transformatsiya professii» [Materials of the VIII International Sociological Grushinsky Conference “Sociologist 2.0: Transformation of the Profession”]. Moscow: AO «VTSIOM»: 155–160 (in Russian).

Makhnach A.V. (2016) Zhiznesposobnost' sem'i: novyy ob"yekt i kontseptual'nyye predposylki issledovaniya [Family resilience: A New Object and the Conceptual Background to the Study]. Psikhologiya povsednevnogo i travmaticheskogo stressa: ugrozy, posledstviya i sovladaniye Ser. Trudy Instituta psikhologii RAN [Psychology of everyday and traumatic stress: threats, consequences and coping Ser. Proceedings of the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Moscow: Institut psikhologii RAN: 350–375 (in Russian).

Makhnach A.V., Dikaya L.G. (2016) Zhiznesposobnost' cheloveka: individual'nyye, professional'nyye i sotsial'nyye aspekty [Human resilience: individual, professional and social aspects]. Moscow: Institut psikhologii RAN (in Russian).

Makhnach A.V., Laktionova A.I., Postylyakova Y.V. (2014) Programma psikhologicheskoy diagnostiki lichnostnykh i semeynykh resursov v praktike otbora, obucheniya i soprovozhdeniya otpuskayushchikh roditeley [A program for the psychological diagnosis of personal and family resources in the practice of selecting, training, and accompanying substitute parents]. In: Dikaya L.G., Zhuravlev A.L., Kholodnaya M.A. Metody psikhologicheskogo obespecheniya professional'noy deyatel'nosti i tekhnologiy razvitiya mental'nykh resursov cheloveka [Methods of psychological support of professional activity and technology for the development of human mental resources]. Moscow: Institut psikhologii RAN: 166–193 (in Russian)

Makhnach A.V., Laktionova A.I., Postylyakova Y.V. (2018) Zhiznesposobnost' i semeynyye resursy zameshchayushchikh roditeley [Viability and Family Resources of Substitute Parents]. Sotsial'nyye i gumanitarnyye nauki na Dal'nem Vostoke [Social and Human Sciences in the Far East], 15(4): 45–54 (in Russian).

Masten A.S. Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child development, 2014, 85(1): 6–20

Masten A.S. et al. (2004) Resources and resilience in the transition to adulthood: Continuity and change. Development and psychopathology, 16(4): 1071–1094.

McCubbin H.I., Patterson J.M. (1983) The family stress process: The Double ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation. Marriage and Family Review, 6: 7–37.

Muzdybayev K. (1998) Strategii sovladaniya s zhiznennymi trudnostyami: teoreticheskiy analiz [Strategies for coping with life difficulties: a theoretical analysis]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 1(2): 100–111 (in Russian).

Postylyakova Y.V. (2015). Individual'nyye i semeynyye resursy u kandidatov v zamenyayushchikh roditeley [Individual and family resources of candidates for foster parents]. In: Makhnach A.V. et al. (eds.) Problema sirotstva v sovremennoy Rossii: Psikhologicheskiy aspekt [The Problem of Orphanhood in Modern Russia: The Psychological Aspect]. Moscow: Institut psikhologii RAN: 459–477 (in Russian).

Ruiz-Casares M. et al. (2014) Cultural roots of well-being and resilience in child mental health. Handbook of child well-being. Dordrecht: Springer: 2379–2407.

Schafer M.H., Shippee T.P., Ferraro K.F. (2009) When Does Disadvantage Not Accumulate? Toward a Sociological Conceptualization of Resilience. Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Soziologie. Revue suisse de sociologie, 35(2): 231–251.

Trubina E.G. Zhiznestojkost' i ee obsuzhdenie v rossijskom i zarubezhnom social'no-gumanitarnom znanii [Resilience and its discussion in Russian and foreign socio-humanitarian knowledge]. Izvestiya Ural'skogo federal'nogo universiteta [News of the Ural Federal University], 2016, 11(3): 65–77 (in Russian).

Ungar M. (2004) The importance of parents and other caregivers to the resilience of high risk adolescents. Family process, 43(1): 23–41/

Walsh F. (2016) Family resilience: A developmental systems framework. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 13(3): 313–324.

Werner E.E., Smith R.S. (2001) Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience, and recovery. Introduction to the special issue on resilience. Substance Use & Misuse, 39(5): 657–670.