A Factorial Model of Paternal Involvemen
Abstract
Increased father engagement in childcare, their motivation, problem and conflicts resolution, formation of father-child attachment are the needs of modern families. The spread of involved fathering practices indicates its acceptance by men. The article uses information from scientific sources to describe the evolution of the criteria and components (manifestation and measured parameters of paternal participation) of paternal involvement model. A theoretical framework consists of paternal involvement concept, developed by M. Lamb, R. Palkovitz, J. Pleck et al. The authors present the primary criteria (engagement, accessibility, responsibility) and auxiliary domains (indirect care, process responsibility, responsiveness and warmth, control) of involvement. We determined methodological gaps, contradictions and empirical limitations of the model. The results of content analysis and factor analysis of interview with fathers present a factor model of paternal involvement. Involvement factors are systematized and grouped into micro- (socio-demographic and socio-cultural characteristics, readiness for fatherhood, attitude towards children, moral guidelines, relations with parents and siblings), meso- (family and childhood structure, distribution of family and parental responsibilities, participation of grandparents, marital relations, pre-divorce and post-divorce situations) and macro-levels (parental associations and family policy, organization of employment, discursive prescriptions of female and male parental roles, men's ideas about good fatherhood). We explain the significance of positive and negative factors, emphasize the specificity of the Russian paternal involvement model, and call for further research on the problem.
Acknowledgements.
The study was funded by grant from the President of the Russian Federation to young Candidates of Sciences, research project no. МК-641.2021.2.
References
Авдеева А.В. (2012) «Вовлеченное отцовство» в современной России: стратегии участия в уходе за детьми. Социологические исследования, 11: 95–104.
Багирова А.П., Бледнова Н.Д. (2021) Совмещение профессионального и родительского труда в оценках уральских женщин: объективные и субъективные барьеры. Женщина в российском обществе, S: 150–167.
Безрукова О.Н., Самойлова В.А. (2020) «Она не мать совсем...»: образы бывших жен в дискурсе разведенных молодых отцов. Социологические исследования,12: 116–127.
Борисенко Ю.В. (2018) Особенности ценностного отношения к отцовству детей вовлеченных и невовлеченных отцов. Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия: Психология, 24: 23–33.
Борисова О.Н. (2017) Отцовская вовлеченность: индивидуальные и межстрановые различия. Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены, 6(142): 263–286.
Гурко Т.А. (2013) Отцовство в молодых семьях и после развода. Гурко Т.А. (ред.) Актуальные проблемы родительства в России. М.: Институт социологии РАН: 52–72.
Здравомыслова Е.А., Темкина А.А. (2003) Государственное конструирование гендера в советском обществе. Журнал исследований социальной политики, 1(3/4): 299–321.
Иванова Е.А. (2017) «Я себя не отношу к хорошим папам, в лучшем случае, к нормальным»: как российские мужчины конструируют образ «хорошего отца» после развода. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 20(5): 132–150.
Подкладова Т.Д. (2016) Мужчина-отец в семье и обществе: вовлеченность vs исключенность. Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Социология. Политология, 1(33): 107–112.
Рождественская Е.Ю. (2020) Вовлеченное отцовство, заботливая маскулинность. Мониторинг общественного мнения: экономические и социальные перемены, 5: 155–185.
Сизова И.Л. (2012) «Новое отцовство» в свете традиций и инноваций семейной политики в Европе. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 15(1): 86–102.
Тартаковская И.Н. (2015) Воспроизводство гендерного порядка через карьерные стратегии: попытка интерсекционального анализа. Социологические исследования, 5: 84–93.
Чернова Ж.В. (2017) Рабочее место, дружественное семье: политические инициативы, позиция работодателя и типы поддержки работников с семейными обязанностями. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 20(1): 93–113.
Чернова Ж.В. (2018) Репрезентации отцовства: социологический анализ блогов. Интеракция. Интервью. Интерпретация, 10(15): 6–23.
Шевченко И.О. (2015) Ситуация после развода: отцы и дети. Социологические исследования, 3(371): 70–77.
Янак А.Л. (2018) Отцовская вовлеченность в семьях различных типов. Вестник Нижегородского университета им. Н.И. Лобачевского. Серия: Социальные науки, 2(50): 124–131.
Янак А.Л. (2021) Типология немодального родительства. Теория и практика общественного развития, 9(163): 25–31.
Avdeeva A. (2012) «Vovlechennoye ottsovstvo» v sovremennoy Rossii: strategii uchastiya v ukhode za detʹmi [“Involved fatherhood” in modern Russia: strategies for participation in childcare]. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 11: 95–104 (in Russian).
Bagirova A., Blednova N. (2021) Sovmeshcheniye professionalʹnogo i roditelʹskogo truda v otsenkakh uralʹskikh zhenshchin [Сombination of professional and parental labor in assessments of ural women: objective and subjective barriers: ob’yektivnyye i sub’yektivnyye barʹyery]. Zhenshchina v rossiyskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian Society], S: 150–167 (in Russian).
Bezrukova O., Samoĭlova V. (2020) “Ona ne mat’ sovsem...”: obrazy byvshikh zhеn v diskurse razvedеnnykh molodykh ottsov [“She is no mother at all”: images of ex-wives in the discourse of young fathers]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 8: 116–127 (in Russian).
Borisenko Yu. (2018) Osobennosti tsennostnogo otnosheniya k ottsovstvu detey vovlechennykh i ne vovlechennykh ottsov [Specificity of value attitude towards paternity of children of engaged and non-engaged fathers]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologiya [The bulletin of Irkutsk state university. Series. Psychology], 24: 23–33 (in Russian).
Borisova O. (2017) Ottsovskaya vovlechennostʹ: individualʹnyye i mezhstranovyye razlichiya [Father’s involvement: individual and cross-country differences]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskiye i sotsialʹnyye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes], 6: 260–283 (in Russian).
Carlson M. (2006). Family structure, father involvement, and adolescent behavioral outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68: 137–154.
Charles P., Spielfogel J., Gorman-Smith D., Schoeny M., Henry D., Tolan P. (2018) Disagreement in parental reports of father involvement. Journal of Family Issues, 39(2): 328–351.
Chernova Zh. (2017) Rabochee mesto, druzhestvennoe sem’e: politicheskie initsiativy, pozitsiia rabotodatelia i tipy podderzhki rabotnikov s semeĭnymi obiazannostiami [A family-friendly workplace: political initiatives, the position of the employer, and types of support for workers with family responsibilities]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsial’noĭ antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 20(1): 93–113 (in Russian).
Chernova Zh. (2018) Reprezentatsii ottsovstva: sotsiologicheskiy analiz blogov [Representation of Fatherhood: Blogs’ Sociological Analysis]. Interaktsiya. Intervʹyu. Interpretatsiya [Interaction. Interview. Interpretation], 15: 6–23 (in Russian).
Doucet A. (2009) Dad and baby in the first year: Gendered responsibilities and embodiment. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, 624: 78–98.
Doucet A. (2020) Father Involvement, Care and breadwinning: Genealogies of concepts and revisioned conceptual narratives. Genealogy, 4(1): 1–17.
Dyer W., Kauffman R., Fagan J., Pearson J., Cabrera N. (2018) Measures of Father Engagement for Nonresident Fathers. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 67(3): 381–398.
Fagan J., Palkovitz R. (2007) Unmarried, Nonresident Fathers’ Involvement With Their Infants: A Risk and Resilience Perspective. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(3): 479–489.
Gurko T. (2013) Otcovstvovmolodyhsem’yahiposlerazvoda [Fathering in young families and after divorce]. In: Gurko T.A. (eds). Aktual’nye problemy roditel’stva v Rossii. Мoscow: Institute Sociologii RAN: 52–72.
Hofferth S., Pleck J., Goldscheider F., Curtin S. (2013) Family Structure and Men’s Motivation for Parenthood in the United States. In: Cabrera N., Tamis-Lemona C. (eds). Handbook of Father Involvement: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. New York: Routledge: 57–80.
Ivanova E. (2017) “Ya sebya ne otnoshu k khoroshim papam, v luchshem sluchaye, k normal’nym”: kak rossiyskiye muzhchiny konstruiruyut obraz “khoroshego ottsa” posle razvoda [“I don’t Consider Myself a Good Dad, at Best, an Average One”: How Russian Men Construct the Image of a “Good Father” after Divorce]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 20(5): 132–150 (in Russian).
Karberg E., Aldoney D., Cabrera N. (2017) Fatherhood in America: The Context, Practice, and Gaps in Responsible Fatherhood Programs. In: Mazza C., Perry A. (eds). Fatherhood in America: Social work perspectives on a changing society. Illinois: Charles C. Thomas Publishing: 302–352.
Lamb M. (2000) The History of Research on Father Involvement. Marriage & Family Review, 29(2–3): 23–42.
Lipasova A. (2016) Fatherhood Models in Middle Class of Contemporary Russia. Russian Sociological Review, 15(4): 202–214.
Marks L., Palkovitz R. (2004) American Fatherhood Types: the Good, the Bad, and the Uninterested. Fathering, 2, 113–129.
Marsiglio W., Day R., Lamb M. (2000) Exploring Fatherhood Diversity. Marriage & Family Review, 29(4): 269–293.
Pleck J. (1997) Paternal involvement: Levels, Sources, and Consequences. In: M.E. Lamb (eds). The role of the father in child development. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc: 66–103.
Pleck J. (2010) Paternal involvement: Revised Conceptualization and Theoretical Linkages with Child Outcomes. In: M.E. Lamb (eds). The role of the father in child development. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc: 58–93.
Pleck J., Hofferth S. (2008) Mother Involvement as an Influence on Father Involvement with Early Adolescents. Fathering, 6(3): 267–286.
Podkladova T. (2016) Muzhchina-otec v sem'e i obshhestve: vovlechennost' vs. iskljuchennost' [The male father in family and society: involvement vs. exclusion]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filosofija. Sociologija. Politologija [Vestnik of the Tomsk State University. Philosophy. Sociology. Political science], 1(33): 107–112 (In Russian).
Rozhdestvenskaya E. (2020) Vovlechennoye ottsovstvo, zabotlivaya maskulinnostʹ [Involved Fatherhood, Caring Masculinity]. Monitoring obshchestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskiye i sotsialʹnyye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes], 5: 155–185 (in Russian).
Sizova I. «Novoye ottsovstvo» v svete traditsiy i innovatsiy semeynoy politiki v Yevrope [“The New Fatherhood” in the Context of the Family Policy Traditions and Innovations in Europe]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 2012: 60 (1): 86–103 (in Russian).
Shevchenko I. (2015) Situatsiya posle razvoda: ottsy i deti [After Divorce: Fathers and Children]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 3: 70–77 (in Russian).
Tartakovskaia I.N. (2015) Vosproizvodstvo gendernogo poriadka cherez kar’ernye strategii: popytka intersektsional’nogo analiza [Reproduction of gender order through career strategies: an attempt of intersectional analysis]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 5: 84–93 (in Russian).
Yanak A. (2018) Ottsovskaya vovlechennostʹ v semʹyakh razlichnykh tipov. [Father Involvement in Different Types of Family]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Seriya: Sotsialʹnyye nauki [Vestnik of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod. Social Sciences], 2(50): 124–131 (in Russian).
Yanak A. (2021) Tipologiya nemodalʹnogo roditelʹstva [Typology of non-modal parenthood]. Teoriya i praktika obshchestvennogo razvitiya [Theory and Practice of Social Development], 9(163): 25–31 (in Russian).
Zdravomyslova E., Temkina A. (2003) Gosudarstvennoe konstruirovanie gendera v sovetskom obshchestve [State construction of gender in Soviet society]. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial’noy politiki [The Journal of Social Policy Studies], 1(3–4): 299–321.
