Коммуникативный капитализм: методологические предпосылки и парадигмальное позиционирование
Аннотация
Представлен анализ концепции коммуникативного капитализма Дж. Дин: ее генезиса, рецепции, основных направлений развития, места в парадигме гуманитарного знания на пересечении социологии, политологии и медиатеории. Рассматриваются базовые положения концепции и ее проблематика: дано определение «коммуникативного капитализма», приведены его ключевые характеристики и основные концепты («фантазии», коммуникативная эксплуатация), обозначены теоретико-методологические предпосылки формирования. Анализируется рецепция теории Дин в зарубежных и отечественных исследованиях, в том числе ее критика в специализированных изданиях и научных работах. Делается попытка определить место «коммуникативного капитализма» как в контексте критических и постмарксистских теорий (приводятся основные подходы к такому позиционированию), так и в более широком контексте социологических, политологических и медиаисследований. Во втором случае на базе различных метатеоретических подходов составлена матрица проблематик, определяющих инструментарий социологических и политических теорий медиа в «цифровую эпоху»: с одной стороны матрицы помещен уровень (микроуровень / макроуровень), с другой — ракурс (определяющим признается влияние или технологий, или практик). «Коммуникативный капитализм» использует инструменты для объяснения проблем всех четырех квадрантов матрицы и поэтому может быть назван интегральным критическим диджитализмом. Однако для дальнейшего развития концепции и проведения эмпирической верификации обозначенных Дин гипотез обосновывается необходимость ее фокусирования на одном из квадрантов. На наш взгляд, влияние институализированных практик на макроуровне определяет базовые отношения труда и капитала в изменившемся информационном пространстве.
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García-Favaro L. (2016) From Producers to Shareaholics: Changing Models of Reader Interaction in Women’s Online Magazines. tripleC. 2016, 14(2): 346–378.
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