«Чтобы не болтался»: внешкольная деятельность как мера профилактики девиантного поведения детей
Аннотация
Рассмотрены практики структурированной и неструктурированной внешкольной деятельности и домашние обязанности детей в возрасте от 11 до 17 лет. В качестве эмпирической базы использованы 120 интервью с родителями, детьми и специалистами районных Центров социальной помощи семье и детям Санкт-Петербурга (ЦСПСиД), собранные в рамках исследования «Социальные траектории детей в современной России». Теоретическую основу статьи составляют концепция рискованных и протективных факторов, концепция структурированной и неструктурированной деятельности, подход возможностей. Анализ данных выполнен в традиции фреймворк анализа (framework analysis), результатом которого стало понимание сходств и различий в внешкольной деятельности детей,
которые имеют поведенческие проблемы и у которых они отсутствуют. Основные различия выявлены в характере деятельности, поддержке и уровне родительского контроля. Основными ограничениями возможностей ребенка выступают отсутствие эмоциональной поддержки, особенно неструктурированной внешкольной деятельности, со стороны взрослых, материальные трудности семьи, отсутствие инфраструктуры, соответствующей интересам ребенка, запреты взрослых или
прекращение деятельности по другим причинам без предложения альтернатив для ребенка, преобладание домашних обязанностей, особенно по уходу за младшими детьми, во внешкольной деятельности ребенка.
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Источники
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