Высокопоставленные чиновники Администрации Президента РФ: каналы рекрутирования и карьера

  • Денис Тев Социологический институт Федерального центра теоретической и прикладной социологии Российской академии наук, Санкт-Петербург, Россия

Аннотация

The article analyzes the career of senior officials of the presidential administration. The empirical basis of the study is a database that includes biographical profiles of 354 PA officials in 1991–2018. The main channels have been identified, within which the professional path passes before being appointed to a key position in the PA and after leaving it. The most important source of recruitment of presidential officials and their place of work after retirement are administrative bodies, primarily at the federal level, and, in this sense, administrative professionalization is the predominant tendency of their career. In particular, positions in the Russian government and the PA often serve as a springboard for each other, which contributes to the integration of the government elite and the presidential bureaucracy into a single power elite. In the PA offshoots from force-structures are quite widely represented; moreover, the movement of personnel is two-way. The level of PA militarization was historically variable, starting to grow in the second term of Yeltsin's presidency and reaching a maximum under Putin and Medvedev. Compared to the administration, representative bodies, especially the federal parliament, are much less important as a channel for recruiting presidential officials and their place of work after resignation. Business — a significant, although mostly indirect supplier of PA leaders, and its plutocratization has a tendency to increase. A more significant role is played by business as the place of work of retired AP officials, many of whom were employed in major firms, creating dynamic interlocking of administrative and economic elites. Also among the officials of the PA some experience gained in the media and in the scientific and educational field.

Литература

Ananyev M. (2018) Inside the Kremlin: The Presidency and Executive Branch. In: Treisman D (ed.) The New Autocracy: Information, Politics, and Policy in Putin's Russia. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press: 35–54.

Bianco W.T. (2005) Last Post for “The Greatest Generation”: The Policy Implications of the Decline of Military Experience in the U.S. Congress. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 30(1): 85–102. https://doi.org/10.3162/036298005X201464.

Boubakri N., Guedhami O., Mishra D., Saffar W. (2008) Political Connections and the Cost of Equity Capital. Scientific Literature Digital Library. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download? doi=10.1.1.175.6368&rep=rep1&type=pdf ] (accessed: 17/03/2017).

Burkhardt F. (2020) Institutionalising Authoritarian Presidencies: Polymorphous Power and Russia’s Presidential Administration. Europe-Asia Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2020.1749566

Carnes N. (2012) Does the Numerical Underrepresentation of the Working Class in Congress Matter? Legislative Studies Quarterly, 37(1): 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939–9162.2011.00033.x.

Chaisty P. (2013) The Preponderance and Effects of Sectoral Ties in the State Duma. Europe-Asia Studies, 65(4): 717–736. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2013.767605.

Chen C.J.P., Li.Z., Su X., Sun Z. (2011) Rent-Seeking Incentives, Corporate Political Connections, and the Control Structure of Private Firms: Chinese Evidence. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(2): 229–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2010.09.009.

Cohen J.E. (1986) The Dynamics of the "Revolving Door" on the FCC. American Journal of Political Science, 30(4): 689–708. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111268.

Derge D.R. (1959) The Lawyer as Decision-Maker in the American State Legislature. The Journal of Politics, 21(3): 408–433. https://doi.org/10.2307/2127322.

Duka A.V. (2012) K voprosu o militokratii: siloviki v regional'nyh vlastnyh jelitah [On the issue of militocracy: siloviki in the regional power elites]. Duka A.V. (ed.) Vlastnye struktury i gruppy dominirovanija: Materialy desjatogo Vserossijskogo seminara «Sociologicheskie problemy institutov vlasti v uslovijah rossijskoj transformacii». St. Petersburg: Intersocis: 94–120 (in Russian).

Edinger L.J., Searing D.D. (1967) Social Background in Elite Analysis: A Methodological Inquiry. American Political Science Review, 61(2): 428–445. https://doi.org/10.2307/1953255.

Eltsin B.N. (2008). Prezidentskij marafon [Presidential Marathon]. Moscow: ROSSPEN (in Russian).

Faccio M. (2010) Differences between Politically Connected and Nonconnected Firms: A Cross-Country Analysis. Financial Management, 39(3): 905–928. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755–053X.2010.01099.x.

Fish M.S., Kroenig M. (2009) The Handbook of National Legislatures: A Global Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Gill G. (2008) Bourgeoisie, State, and Democracy: Russia, Britain, France, Germany, and the USA. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Gladysheva A.A., Kishilova Ju.O. (2018) Vlijanie politicheskih svjazej i gosudarstvennoj sobstvennosti na dejatel'nost' firm v Rossii [The influence of political relations and state ownership on the activities of firms in Russia]. Korporativnye finansy [Journal of Corporate Finance Research], 12(1): 20–43 (in Russian).

Goldman E., Rocholl J., So J. (2009) Do Politically Connected Boards Affect Firm Value? The Review of Financial Studies, 22(6): 2331–2360. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn088.

Huskey E. (1999) Presidential Power in Russia. Armonk; New York: M. E. Sharpe.

Huskey E. (2010) Pantouflage à la russe: The Recruitment of Russian Political and Business Elites. In: Fortescue S. (ed.) Russian Politics from Lenin to Putin. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan: 185–204.

Karpov D.M. (2018) Analiz sushhnosti administracii prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii [Analysis of the essence of the presidential administration of the Russian Federation]. Sinergija Nauk [Synergy of Sciences], 29: 1343–1349 (in Russian).

Kryshtanovskaja O.V. (2002a) Rezhim Putina: liberal'naja militokratija? [Putin's regime: liberal militocracy?]. Pro et Contra, 7(4): 158– 180 (in Russian).

Kryshtanovskaja O.V. (2002b) Transformacija biznes-jelity v Rossii: 1998–2002 [Transformation of the business elite in Russia: 1998–2002]. Sociologicheskie issledovanija [Sociological Research], 8: 17–49 (in Russian).

Kryshtanovskaja O.V. (2008) Novaja russkaja elita: Ukroshhenie stroptivyh, izgnanie nevernyh, intronizacija silovikov [The New Russian Elite: The Taming of the Shrew, the expulsion of the infidels, the intronization of the security forces]. Novoe vremja [New Time], 16: 8–12 [https://newtimes.ru/articles/detail/4324/ ] (accessed: 17.07.2019) (in Russian).

Kryshtanovskaya O., White S. (2003) Putin’s Militocracy. Post-Soviet Affairs, 19(4): 289–306. https://doi.org/10.2747/1060–586X.19.4.289.

Kryshtanovskaya O., White S. (2005) Losing Power in Russia. Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 21(2): 200–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270500108725.

Kryshtanovskaya O., White S. (2009) The Sovietization of Russian Politics. Post-Soviet Affairs, 25 (4): 283–309. https://doi.org/10.2747/1060–586X.24.4.283.

Prewitt K., Nowlin W. (1969) Political Ambitions and the Behavior of Incumbent Politicians. Western Political Quarterly, 22(2): 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591296902200204.

Putnam R.D. (1976) The Comparative Study of Political Elites. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Renz B. (2005) Russia’s “Force Structures” and the Study of Civil-Military Relations. The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 18(4): 559–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518040500341858.

Renz B. (2006) Putin's Militocracy? An Alternative Interpretation of Siloviki in Contemporary Russian Politics. Europe-Asia Studies, 58(6): 903–924. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668130600831134.

Rivera D.W., Rivera S.W. (2006) The Russian Elite under Putin: Militocratic or Bourgeois? Post-Soviet Affairs, 22(2): 125–144. https://doi.org/10.2747/1060–586X.22.2.125.

Rivera Sh.V., Rivera D. (2009) K bolee tochnym ocenkam transformacij v rossijskoj jelite [To more accurate assessments of transformations in the Russian elite]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovanija [Polis. Political Studies], 5: 149–157 (in Russian).

Rivera D.W., Rivera S.W. (2014) Is Russia a Militocracy? Conceptual Issues and Extant Findings Regarding Elite Militarization. Post-Soviet Affairs, 30(1): 27–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/1060586X.2013.819681.

Rivera D.W., Rivera S.W. (2018) The Militarization of the Russian Elite under Putin. Problems of Post-Communism, 65(4): 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2017.1295812.

Samuels D. (2003) Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Semenova E. (2015) Russia: Cabinet Formation and Careers in a Super-Presidential System. In: Dowding K., Dumont P. (eds.) The Selection of Ministers around the World. London; New York: Routledge: 139–155.

Soldatov A., Rochlitz M. (2018) The Siloviki in Russian Politics. In: Treisman D. (ed.) The New Autocracy: Information, Politics, and Policy in Putin's Russia. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press: 87–111.

Szakonyi D. (2018) Businesspeople in Elected Office: Identifying Private Benefits from Firm-Level Returns. American Political Science Review, 112(2): 322–338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055417000600.

Taylor B.D. (2011) State Building in Putin’s Russia: Policing and Coercion after Communism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tev D.B. (2016) Federal'naja administrativnaja jelita Rossii: kar'ernye puti i kanaly rekrutirovanija [Federal administrative elite of Russia: career paths and recruitment channels]. Polis. Politicheskie issledovanija [Polis. Political Studies], 4: 115–130. https://doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2016.04.10 (in Russian).

Tev D.B. (2019) Chleny pravitel’stva RF: osobennosti postpravitel’stvennoj kar’ery [Members of the Russian Government: Features of Post-government Careers]. Mir Rossii [World of Russia], 2019, 28(4): 6–29. https://doi.org/10.17323/1811–038X–2019–28–4–6–29 (in Russian).

Witko C., Friedman S. (2008) Business Backgrounds and Congressional Behavior. Congress & the Presidency, 35(1): 71–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/07343460809507652.

Zaznaev O.I. (2006) Poluprezidentskaja sistema: politiko-pravovoj analiz. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni doktora juridicheskih nauk [Semi-presidential system: political and legal analysis. Abstract of dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Law]. Kazan': Izdatel'skij centr Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im. V.I. Ul'janova-Lenina [http://old.kpfu.ru/f15/k2/publ/Zaznaev.pdf ] (accessed: 23.05.2019) (in Russian).

Zujkov A.V. (2009) Administracija prezidenta Rossijskoj Federacii: vchera, segodnja, zavtra [Administration of the President of the Russian Federation: yesterday, today, tomorrow]. Konstitucionnoe i municipal'noe pravo [Constitutional and municipal law], 8: 21–30 (in Russian).

Zujkov A.V. (2011) O proshlom dlja budushhego: stanovlenie Administracii Prezidenta Rossii (k 20-letiju prezidentskogo apparata) [On the past for the future: the establishment of the Administration of the President of Russia (on the 20th anniversary of the presidential apparatus)]. Sravnitel'noe konstitucionnoe obozreni4e [Comparative Constitutional Review], 6(85): 33–53 (in Russian).

Zujkov A.V. (2012a) Administracija Prezidenta Rossii v 1996–2000 godah: rascvet na zakate [Administration of the President of Russia in 1996–2000: heyday at sunset]. Sravnitel'noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie [Comparative Constitutional Review], 4(89): 140–159 (in Russian).

Zujkov A.V. (2012b) Ispytanie demokratiej: Administracija rossijskogo Prezidenta v 1993–1996 godah [Testing by Democracy: Administration of the Russian President in 1993–1996]. Sravnitel'noe konstitucionnoe obozrenie [Comparative Constitutional Review], 2(87): 151–168 (in Russian).

Опубликован
2020-08-05
Как цитировать
Тев, Д. (2020). Высокопоставленные чиновники Администрации Президента РФ: каналы рекрутирования и карьера. ЖУРНАЛ СОЦИОЛОГИИ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ, 23(3), 153-187. извлечено от http://jourssa.ru/jourssa/article/view/2296
Раздел
Политическая социология