Модель содержания стереотипов и этнические стереотипы в России

Аннотация

This review paper introduces readers with the current state of research in the Stereotype Content Model framework (SCM) and some experience of its application to explain the content of ethnic stereotypes in Russia. Descriptions were provided to two basic components of social cognition (warmth and competence), their antecedents (interdependence and status) and consequences (according to the BIAS map), as well as possible compensation effects. The SCM for ethnic stereotypes of ethnic Russians was used in 2018 to mapping ethnic stereotypes for the sixty largest ethnic groups (both immigrants and ethnic minorities). Four clusters occupied the space of warmth-competence stereotype content: (1) Orthodox Slavic peoples (high warmth and high competence); (2) mainly indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation and Eastern Christian groups (middle warmth and middle competence); (3) ethnic groups from economically developed countries (low warmth and high competence); and (4) groups perceived as unskilled immigrants and stigmatized and conflict groups (low warmth and low competence). In addition, the results were reported to testing the expectations about the ambivalence of stereotypes, the relationship of the number of groups and the position of the ingroup/outgroup with their assessment, as well as the consequences of their cultural (or religious) similarities. The results showed predominantly stereotypes with linked warmth and competence, with several ambivalent stereotypes. The SCM expectedly and consistently described stereotypical images of ethnic groups in Russia taking into account antecedents from other models. Suggestions were made on changing ethnic stereotypes in Russia based on modern understanding of this topic.